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Daftar/Tabel -- Internet top-level domains The following is a list of Internet top-level domains (TLDs) . The top-level domain article provides the background information.
The official list of all top-level domains is maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).[ 1]
A number of Proposed top-level domains are under consideration by ICANN/IANA.
Generic top-level domains Name: DNS name Entity: intended use Notes: general remarks IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN) DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions Notes .aero air-transport industry Must verify eligibility for registration; only those in various categories of air-travel-related entities may register. No No .asia Asia-Pacific region This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific. Yes Yes .biz business This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not held by commercial entities in accordance with the domain's charter. This TLD was created to provide relief for the wildly popular .com TLD. No Yes .cat Catalan This is a TLD for Web sites in the Catalan language or related to Catalan culture. Yes Yes .com commercial This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Though originally intended for use by for-profit business entities, for a number of reasons it became the "main" TLD for domain names and is currently used by all types of entities including nonprofits, schools and private individuals. Domain name registrations may be challenged if the holder cannot prove an outside relation justifying reservation of the name, to prevent "squatting ". Yes Yes .coop cooperatives The .coop TLD is limited to cooperatives as defined by the Rochdale Principles. No No .info information This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Yes Yes .int international organizations The .int TLD is strictly limited to organizations, offices, and programs which are endorsed by a treaty between two or more nations. However, there are a few grandfathered domain names that do not meet these criteria. No No .jobs companies The .jobs TLD is designed to be added after the names of established companies with jobs to advertise. At this time, owners of a "company.jobs" domain are not permitted to post jobs of third party employers. No No .mobi mobile devices Must be used for mobile-compatible sites in accordance with standards. No No .museum museums Must be verified as a legitimate museum. Yes Yes .name individuals, by name This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not by individuals (or the owners of fictional characters) in accordance with the domain's charter. Yes No .net network This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally intended for use by domains pointing to a distributed network of computers, or "umbrella" sites that act as the portal to a set of smaller websites. No Yes .org organization This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally intended for use by non-profit organizations, and still primarily used by some. Yes Yes .post postal services The .post TLD is restricted to Postal Administrations as defined in the Universal Postal Union constitution, and their large customers who wish to provide "Trusted Postal Services".[ 2] No[ 3] Yes .pro professions Currently, .pro is reserved for licensed or certified professionals worldwide. A professional seeking to register a .pro domain must provide their registrar with the appropriate credentials. No No .tel Internet communication services A contact directory housing all types of contact information directly in the Domain Name System. Yes[ 4] No .travel travel and tourism industry related sites Must be verified as a legitimate travel-related entity. No No .xxx adult entertainment For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. No No
USA top-level domains Notes .edu educational The .edu TLD is limited to specific educational institutions such as, but not limited to, primary schools, middle schools, secondary schools, colleges, and universities. In the US, its usability was limited in 2001 to post-secondary institutions accredited by an agency on the list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies maintained by the United States Department of Education. This domain is therefore almost exclusively used by US colleges and universities. Some institutions that do not meet the current registration criteria have grandfathered domain names. No Yes .gov governmental The .gov TLD is limited to governmental entities and agencies in the US. No Yes .mil US military The .mil TLD is limited to use by the US military. No Yes
Country code top-level domains name: DNS name of the (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2) two-letter country-code top-level domain Entity: country, dependency, or region Explanation: explanation of the code when not self-evident from the English name of the country Notes: general remarks IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN) DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions SLD: allows Second-level domain registration (restrictions may apply) Explanation Notes .ac Ascension Island Commonly used for academic websites, such as universities. However, .ac is not to be confused with the tightly-regulated, official academic domain .ac.uk. Yes Yes Yes .ad Andorra Local trademark, trade name or citizenship required [ 5] [ 6] No Yes .ae United Arab Emirates No Yes .af Afghanistan No Yes .ag Antigua and Barbuda Yes Yes .ai Anguilla No Yes .al Albania Citizenship required No No .am Armenia (Also unofficially used by AM Radio Stations or related business) Yes Yes .an Netherlands Antilles Local presence required; Netherlands Antilles were dissolved on October 10, 2010; No Yes .ao Angola No .aq AntarcticaAntarctique Defined by the Antarctic Treaty as everything south of latitude 60°S. AQ domain names are available to government organizations who are signatories to the Antarctic Treaty and to other registrants who have a physical presence in Antarctica. No Yes .ar Argentina Yes[ a 1] No No .as American Samoa No Yes .at Austria Yes Yes Yes .au Australia Includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands. ABN required. No No .aw ArubaAruba, West Indies Restricted to registered Aruban companies, organisations and citizens No Yes .ax Åland No Yes .az Azerbaijan No Yes .ba Bosnia and Herzegovina No Yes .bb Barbados No Yes .bd Bangladesh No No .be Belgium (Also unofficially used in the canton of Berne, Switzerland) Yes Yes .bf Burkina Faso No Yes .bg Bulgaria Yes[ a 2] Yes Yes .bh Bahrain No Yes .bi Burundi No Yes .bj Benin No Yes .bm Bermuda Local corporate registration required No Yes .bn Brunei No No .bo Bolivia No Yes .br Brazil Restricted. Registration is done under several categories (i.e.: .com.br for businesses, .gov.br for government agencies, etc.)[ 7] Yes[ 8] Yes No[ a 3] .bs Bahamas No Yes .bt Bhutan No No .bv Bouvet Island Not in use (Norwegian dependency; see .no). No No No .bw Botswana No Yes .by Belarus Byelorussia No Yes .bz Belize Yes Yes .ca Canada Subject to Canadian Presence Requirements. Yes Yes .cc Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australian territory: do not confuse with Cocos islands in Guam. Also used as a free domain service to the public as cc.cc, cu.cc or cz.cc domain.) Yes Yes .cd Democratic Republic of the Congo No Yes .cf Central African Republic No Yes .cg Republic of the Congo No Yes .ch Switzerland Confoederatio Helvetica (Latin) Yes[ a 4] Yes Yes .ci Côte d'Ivoire No Yes .ck Cook Islands No Yes .cl Chile Yes Yes Yes .cm Cameroon A local entity/company in Cameroon is required to register a domain name. No Yes .cn People's Republic of China A local company in China is required to register a domain name. Hong Kong and Macau also maintain TLDs. No Yes .co Colombia Marketed as a global domain - recognized as a gccTLD by Google. Anyone can register. Yes Yes .cr Costa Rica Yes Yes .cs Czechoslovakia Czecho-Slovakia domain has not been use since 1993. The ISO-code cs was later allocated for Serbia and Montenegro, which used .yu instead. No No .cu Cuba No Yes .cv Cape Verde No Yes .cx Christmas Island No Yes .cy Cyprus No No .cz Czech Republic No[ a 5] Yes Yes .dd East GermanyDeutsche Demokratische Republik Was proposed, but never implemented due to German re-unification. No No .de Germany Deutschland German postal address for administrative contact (admin-c) required. Proxy registrations are allowed. Yes[ a 6] Yes Yes .dj Djibouti No Yes .dk Denmark Yes[ a 7] Yes Yes .dm Dominica No Yes .do Dominican Republic No Yes .dz AlgeriaDzayer No Yes .ec Ecuador No Yes .ee Estonia Eesti Anyone can register but local administrative contact is required. Yes[ a 8] No Yes .eg Egypt No Yes .eh Western Sahara .eh is reserved for Western Sahara, but does not exist in the root. No .er Eritrea Inactive - The domain registrar Eritrea Telecommunication Services Corporation offers no services to register domains. No No .es Spain España No Yes .et Ethiopia No No .eu European Union Restricted to legal and natural persons in European Union member states. Unofficially used for Basque websites (Euskadi in the basque language) Yes[ a 9] Yes Yes .fi Finland Open for registration to individuals/companies around Europe. Yes[ a 10] Yes Yes .fj Fiji No Yes .fk Falkland Islands No No .fm Federated States of Micronesia (Also unofficially used by FM Radio Stations or related business) No Yes .fo Faroe IslandsFøroyar Yes Yes .fr France Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union , Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[ a 11] Yes[ a 12] Yes Yes .ga Gabon Partial[ 10] Yes .gb United Kingdom Great Britain Deprecated.[ 11] The primary ccTLD used for the United Kingdom is .uk . No No .gd Grenada No Yes .ge Georgia To register you must be either a citizen of Georgia, or a Georgian company. No Yes .gf French GuianaGuyane française No .gg Guernsey No Yes .gh Ghana No No .gi Gibraltar Yes Yes .gl Greenland (Also unofficially used in Galicia, Spain) Yes Yes .gm The Gambia No Yes .gn Guinea A local contact is required Partial[ 10] No .gp Guadeloupe Still used for Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin No Yes .gq Equatorial GuineaGuinée Équatoriale No .gr Greece Yes[ a 13] Yes Yes .gs South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands No Yes .gt Guatemala Yes No Yes .gu Guam No No .gw Guinea-Bissau No Yes .gy Guyana No Yes .hk Hong Kong Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China . Yes No Yes .hm Heard Island and McDonald Islands No Yes .hn Honduras Yes Yes .hr CroatiaHrvatska No Yes .ht Haiti Yes No Yes .hu Hungary Restricted to Hungarian companies, organisations and citizens No Yes .id Indonesia No No .ie Ireland In 2002, registration was expanded to include persons or businesses with a "real and substantive" connection with the island of Ireland (including Northern Ireland).[ 12] [ 13] No No Yes .il Israel Yes No No .im Isle of Man No Yes .in India Under INRegistry since April 2005 (except: gov.in, nic.in, mil.in, ac.in, edu.in, res.in). Yes Yes .io British Indian Ocean Territory Yes Yes .iq Iraq No Yes .ir Iran Yes No Yes .is Iceland Ísland Yes No Yes .it Italy Restricted to companies and individuals in the European Union . Yes[ a 14] No Yes .je Jersey No Yes .jm Jamaica No No .jo Jordan No Yes .jp Japan Restricted to individuals or companies with a physical address in Japan. Yes Yes .ke Kenya No No .kg Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes .kh CambodiaKhmer , former Kâmpŭchea No No .ki Kiribati No Yes .km ComorosKomori No Yes .kn Saint Kitts and Nevis No Yes .kp Democratic People's Republic of Korea No No .kr Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes .kw Kuwait No No .ky Cayman Islands Restricted to qualified Cayman entities[ 14] No Yes .kz Kazakhstan No Yes .la Laos Currently being marketed as the unofficial domain for Los Angeles[ 15] Yes Yes .lb Lebanon Restricted to registration with a company in Lebanon Yes No .lc Saint Lucia Yes Yes .li Liechtenstein Yes Yes Yes .lk Sri Lanka Yes Yes .lr Liberia Partial[ 10] No .ls Lesotho No No .lt Lithuania Yes Yes Yes .lu Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes .lv Latvia Yes Yes Yes .ly Libya No Yes .ma MoroccoMaroc No Yes .mc Monaco No Yes .md Moldova Marketed for Medical use (Doctors) No Yes .me Montenegro Yes Yes .mg Madagascar No Yes .mh Marshall Islands No .mk MacedoniaMakedonija Restricted to registration with a company in Macedonia No Yes .ml Mali No Yes .mm Myanmar Yes No .mn Mongolia Some second-level domains are reserved for special use .mn[clarification needed ] Yes Yes .mo MacauMacao Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China . No Yes .mp Northern Mariana Islands No Yes .mq Martinique No No .mr Mauritania No Yes .ms Montserrat No Yes .mt Malta No No .mu Mauritius No Yes .mv Maldives No Yes .mw Malawi No Yes .mx Mexico No Yes .my Malaysia Restricted to registration by an individual or company in Malaysia Yes[ a 15] Yes Yes .mz Mozambique No No .na Namibia Yes Yes .nc New Caledonia Yes Yes .ne Niger No Yes .nf Norfolk Island No Yes .ng Nigeria No Yes .ni Nicaragua No No .nl Netherlands First official country code TLD.[ 16] No Yes Yes .no Norway Restricted to registration by a company in Norway . Individuals in the country can only register under .priv.no . No Yes .np Nepal No No .nr Nauru Also used as a free domain service to the public as co.nr. No Yes .nu Niue Commonly used by Danish, Dutch and Swedish websites, because in those languages "nu" means "now". Yes Yes Yes .nz New Zealand Yes[ a 16] Yes No .om Oman Registrant must have company or trademark registered in Oman as well as a local administrative contact. No No .pa Panama No No .pe Peru Yes[ a 17] No Yes .pf French PolynesiaPolynésie française With Clipperton Island No Yes .pg Papua New Guinea No No .ph Philippines No Yes .pk Pakistan Operated by PKNIC since 1992 No Yes .pl Poland Yes[ a 18] Yes Yes .pm Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union , Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[ a 11] Yes[ a 12] Yes[ a 19] Yes .pn Pitcairn Islands No Yes .pr Puerto Rico Yes Yes .ps Palestinian Territory, Occupied[ 17] West Bank and Gaza Strip. No Yes .pt Portugal Yes[ a 20] Yes Yes .pw PalauPelew Yes Yes .py Paraguay No No .qa Qatar No No .re Réunion Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union , Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[ a 11] Yes[ a 12] Yes Yes .ro Romania No Yes .rs SerbiaRepublika Srbija No Yes .ru Russia See also .su, still in use, and .рф. Yes Yes .rw Rwanda No Yes .sa Saudi Arabia Registrant must have a registered trademark in Saudi Arabia matching the domain name to register or provide company incorporation documents of a company in Saudi Arabia or for personal registrations a copy of valid ID. A letter on the official letterhead of your organization addressed to SaudiNIC requesting the domain name registration is also required. Local administrative contact required. 2LD registrations rolled out in 2011.[ 18] No Yes .sb Solomon IslandsBritish Solomon Islands No No .sc Seychelles Yes Yes .sd Sudan No Yes .se Sweden Yes[ a 21] Yes Yes .sg Singapore No Yes .sh Saint Helena Yes[ a 22] Yes Yes .si Slovenia Yes[ a 23] Yes Yes .sj Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no). No No No .sk Slovakia Restricted to Slovakian companies, organisations and citizens No Yes .sl Sierra Leone No Yes .sm San Marino Domain name must be same as company name or trademark No Yes .sn Senegal No Yes .so Somalia Relaunched on November 1st , 2010 No No Yes .sr Suriname No Yes .ss South Sudan No .st São Tomé and Príncipe No Yes .su Soviet Union Still in use. Yes[ a 24] Yes Yes .sv El Salvador No No .sx Sint MaartenSint Maarten Landrush phase No No .sy Syria No Yes .sz Swaziland Registration is restricted to Swaziland organizations with Swaziland Trading Licenses. No No .tc Turks and Caicos Islands .TC domains are also marketed in Turkey. The official abbreviation of 'Türkiye Cumhuriyeti' is TC. No Yes .td ChadTchad Chadian (.td) domains are available for registration to entities connected with Chad only. No Yes .tf French Southern and Antarctic LandsTerres australes et antarctiques françaises Seldom used. Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union , Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[ a 11] Yes[ a 12] Yes Yes .tg Togo No Yes .th Thailand Yes Yes No .tj Tajikistan No Yes .tk Tokelau Also used as a free domain service to the public. Used in the Netherlands because tk means 'for sale' in Dutch. No Yes .tl East TimorTimor-Leste Old code .tp is still in use. No Yes .tm Turkmenistan Yes[ a 25] Yes Yes .tn Tunisia No Yes .to Tonga Often used unofficially for Torrent , Turin, Toronto , or Tokyo Yes No Yes .tp East TimorTimor Português ISO code has changed to TL; .tl is now assigned but .tp is still in use. No Yes .tr Turkey .nc.tr used by Northern CyprusYes[ a 26] No Yes .tt Trinidad and Tobago Yes Yes .tv Tuvalu Used as an abbreviation of television, the domain is currently operated by dotTV, a VeriSign company; the Tuvalu government owns twenty percent of the company. Yes Yes .tw Taiwan Registration allowed worldwide, local presence not required. In line with ISO 3166-1, IANA's official position is that “TW” is "designated for use to represent "Taiwan, Province of China."[ 19] Yes[ a 27] Yes Yes .tz Tanzania Must have a presence in Tanzania Yes No .ua Ukraine Україна/Ukraina Ukrainian trademark required Yes Yes .ug Uganda Yes Yes .uk United Kingdom The ISO 3166-1 for the United Kingdom code is GB . UK a specially reserved ISO 3166-1 code for the UK. However, the creation of the .uk TLD predates the ISO 3166-1 list of ccTLD and is the primary TLD for the United Kingdom.[ 11] Yes No .us United States of America Commonly used by US State and local governments instead of .gov TLD Yes Yes .uy Uruguay 2LD rollout began on 10 July 2012.[ 20] No Yes .uz Uzbekistan No Yes .va Vatican City Limited to the official sites of the Vatican/Holy See No No .vc Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Partial[ 10] Yes .ve Venezuela No No .vg British Virgin Islands No Yes .vi United States Virgin Islands No Yes .vn Vietnam Yes[ a 28] No Yes .vu Vanuatu No Yes .wf Wallis and Futuna Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union , Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[ a 11] Yes[ a 12] Yes Yes .ws SamoaFormerly Western Samoa Marketed to be used in general WebSites Yes No Yes .ye Yemen No No .yt Mayotte Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union , Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[ a 11] Yes[ a 12] Yes[ a 19] Yes .yu SFR Yugoslavia FR Yugoslavia After dissolution of Yugoslavia used for Serbia and Montenegro. Not used after 2010. No No .za South Africa Zuid-Afrika No No .zm Zambia No No .zw Zimbabwe No No
Notes ^ (November 17, 2009) Spanish-Portuguese specific characters (á, â, ã, à, é, ê, í, ó, ô, õ, ú, ü, ñ, ç) allowed, as approved by law ^ in addition to ASCII, only Cyrillic letters from the Bulgarian language are accepted ^ Currently not allowed, but some higher-learning institutions were grandfathered in. ^ Since March 2004, see details ^ IDN not adopted due to lack of public and corporate interest[ 9] ^ 93 non-ASCII characters, see details ^ (January 1, 2004), (æ, ø, å, ö, ä, ü, & é): see details ^ Estonian domain names to incorporate diacritics (IDN) Starting from June 13, 2011 [1] ^ Supported characters (latin, greek, cyrillic): see details ^ (September 2005) Supported characters (latin): see details ^ a b c d e f (6 December 2011) "Opening to Europe of the .fr, .wf, .re, .yt, .pm, and .tf TLDs" . http://www.afnic.fr/en/about-afnic/news/general-news/5442/show/1st-review-of-the-opening-to-europe-of-the-fr-wf-re-yt-pm-and-tf-tlds.html . . Before restricted to residents of the corresponding French territory. ^ a b c d e f Availability of IDN on the .fr, .yt, .pm, .wf, .tf, and .re TLDs ^ Support for Greek characters since July 2005, see details ^ [2], [3] ^ .my Domain Registry ^ (July 26, 2010) for Māori macrons ā, ē, ī, ō and ū. See details ^ (8 December 2007): see details ^ (11 September 2003): see details ^ a b (11 September 2010) .tf DNSsec (17 September 2010) .yt DNSsec See ".tf and .yt DNSsec keys published in DNS root" . http://www.afnic.fr/en/about-afnic/news/operations-news/3995/showOperational/tf-and-yt-dnssec-keys-published-in-dns-root.html . ^ (1 July 2005) for Portuguese characters ^ (October 2003), for Swedish characters, summer 2007 also for Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Sami, and Yiddish: see details ^ IDN Code Points Policy for the .SH Top Level Domain ^ Since October 2010, see details ^ (28 April 2008[update] ) see details ^ IDN Code Points Policy for the .TM Top Level Domain ^ (14 November 2006): see details ^ Traditional Chinese characters: see details ^ TRUNG TÂM INTERNET VIÊT NAM - Tên mien tieng viet Internationalized country code top-level domains DNS name IDN ccTLD Country Transliteration Script Comments Other ccTLD DNSSEC xn--lgbbat1ad8j الجزائر. Algeriaal-jaza'ir Arabic .dz No xn--54b7fta0cc .বাংলা Bangladesh bangla Bengali Not delegated .bd No xn--fiqs8s .中国 China zhōngguó Simplified Chinese .cn No xn--fiqz9s .中國 China zhōngguó Traditional Chinese .cn No xn--wgbh1c مصر. Egypt masr [ 21] Arabic .eg No xn--node .გე Georgiage Georgian Not delegated .ge No xn--j6w193g .香港 Hong Kong hoeng1 gong2 Both Traditional and Simplified Chinese .hk No xn--h2brj9c .भारत India bhārat Devanagari Not in use .in No xn--mgbbh1a71e بھارت. India bhārat Urdu Not in use .in No xn--fpcrj9c3d .భారత్ India bhārat Telugu Not in use .in No xn--gecrj9c .ભારત India bhārat Gujarati Not in use .in No xn--s9brj9c .ਭਾਰਤ India bhārat Gurmukhi Not in use .in No xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h .இந்தியா India inthiyaa Tamil Not in use .in No xn--45brj9c .ভারত India bhārat Bengali Not in use .in No xn--mgba3a4f16a ایران. Iran īrān Persian Not in use .ir No xn--mgbayh7gpa الاردن. Jordanal'urdun Arabic .jo No xn--80ao21a .қаз Kazakhstanqaz Cyrillic .kz No xn--mgbx4cd0ab مليسيا. MalaysiaMalaysia Arabic Not in use .my Yes xn--l1acc .мон Mongolia mon Mongolian Cyrillic Not delegated .mn No xn--mgbc0a9azcg المغرب. Moroccoal-maghrib Arabic .ma No xn--mgb9awbf عمان. Oman Oman Arabic Not in use .om No xn--mgbai9azgqp6j پاکستان. PakistanPakistan Urdu Not delegated .pk No xn--ygbi2ammx فلسطين. Palestinian territoriesfilastīn Arabic .ps No xn--wgbl6a قطر. QatarQatar Arabic .qa No xn--p1ai .рф Russia RF Cyrillic .ru Yes xn--mgberp4a5d4ar السعودية. Saudi Arabia as-saʢūdiyyah Arabic .sa No xn--90a3ac .срб Serbiasrb Cyrillic .rs No xn--yfro4i67o .新加坡 SingaporeXīnjiāpō/Sin-ka-po Both Traditional and Simplified Chinese .sg No xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd .சிங்கப்பூர் Singaporecinkappūr Tamil .sg No xn--3e0b707e .한국 South Korea hangūk̚ Hangul .kr Yes xn--fzc2c9e2c .ලංකා Sri Lankalanka Sinhalese .lk Partial[ 10] xn--xkc2al3hye2a .இலங்கை Sri Lankailangai Tamil .lk Partial[ 10] xn--mgbpl2fh سودان. Sudansudan Arabic Not delegated .sd No xn--mgbtf8fl سوريا. Syriasūryā Arabic .sy No xn--kprw13d .台湾 Taiwan táiwān/tâi-oân Simplified Chinese .tw Yes xn--kpry57d .台灣 Taiwan táiwān/tâi-oân Traditional Chinese .tw Yes xn--o3cw4h .ไทย Thailand thai Thai script .th Partial[ 10] xn--pgbs0dh تونس. Tunisiatūnis Arabic .tn No xn--j1amh .укр Ukraine ukr Cyrillic .ua No xn--mgbaam7a8h امارات. United Arab Emirates imārāt Arabic .ae No xn--mgb2ddes اليمن. Yemenalyemen Arabic Not delegated .ye No
Notes [ 22]
Proposed internationalized ccTLDs The following ccTLDs have been requested using a procedure known as IDN ccTLD Fast Track Process.
DNS name IDN ccTLD Country Transliteration Script ccTLD xn--90ae .бг [ 23] Bulgaria bg Bulgarian Cyrillic .bg String rejected xn--qxam .ελ Greece el Greek .gr String rejected xn--4dbrk0ce ישראל. [ 24] Israel Israel Hebrew .il xn--d1alf .мкд [ 25] [ 26] Macedoniamkd Macedonian Cyrillic .mk proposed xn--wgv71a .日本 [ 27] Japan Nippon or Nihon Kanji (both Kyūjitai and Shinjitai).jp xn--vcst06ab2a .日本国 [ 27] Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku Kanji (Shinjitai) xn--q7ce6a .ລາວ [ 28] LaosLao or Laao Lao .la xn--mgbb7fyab ليبيا. LibyaLībyā Arabic .ly
".ελ" was rejected because of its confusing similarity to .EA which is not a TLD but a reserved two letter string in the reserved ISO-3166 list. Much like the case of Bulgaria’s applied-for ".бг" and subsequent denial by the DNS SP, because of similarity to .br, Greece must wait until after the IDN cctld Fast Track Process before it can enjoy its own icctld.[ 29] [ 30] Test TLDs ICANN created a set of top-level Internationalized domain names in October 2007 for the purpose of testing the use of IDNA in the root zone and within those domains. They are expected to be available for a limited evaluation period.[ 31] [ 32] Each of these TLDs encodes a word meaning "test" in the respective language.[ 32] [ 33]
Each of these domains contains only one site with the word example encoded in the respective script and language. These example.test sites are test wikis used by ICANN.
Infrastructure top-level domain Infrastructure Entity Notes DNSSEC .arpa Address and Routing Parameter Area This is an Internet infrastructure TLD. Yes
See also References ^ IANA maintained list of top-level domains ^ UPU. "Description of TLD Policies: Criteria for Registration" . E17. http://archive.icann.org/en/tlds/post1/tld-app-policy-description-15aug00-V20.htm . Retrieved 2013-01-01 . ^ UPU. "Description of TLD Policies:TLD String" . E2. http://archive.icann.org/en/tlds/post1/tld-app-policy-description-15aug00-V20.htm . Retrieved 2013-01-01 . "Only ASCII characters will be used" ^ Telnic. "IDN.tel" . http://www.telnic.org/idn.html . Retrieved 2010-09-02 . ^ "Andorra Telecom trademark domain registration policy" . http://www.nic.ad/angles/comamarca_e.htm .^ "Andorra Telecom trade name registration policy" . http://www.nic.ad/angles/nomcomercial_e.htm .^ Domínios .br Registro.br^ (May 9, 2005) for Portuguese (Brazilian) names: see Anúncio 04/05/2005 ^ IDN - Internationalized Domain Names at nic.cz^ a b c d e f g Delegation Signer (DS) record in a root zone is not yet published. ^ a b Milton Mueller (2002), Ruling the Root: Internet Governance and the Taming of Cyberspace , Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, p. 79, ISBN 9780262632980, http://books.google.ie/books?id=sMKmdJq7iE0C&lpg=PA79&dq=&pg=PA79#v=onepage&q&f=false ^ "Domain chaos spikes e-business ambitions" . Silicon Republic. 17 December 2002. http://www.siliconrepublic.com/strategy/item/368-domain-chaos-spikes-e-busin . Retrieved 30 December 2012 .^ Information Technology Law: Professional Practice Guide , Dublin: Law Society of Ireland, 2004, p. 23^ ICTA: ky Domain Policies ^ The Official .LA Registry ^ (Dutch) SIDN registreert 3.000.000ste .nl-domeinnaam (SIDN registers 3 millionth .nl domain name), Official website of SIDN^ ICAAN MOU Agreement re .ps - Note the formal description remains "Palestinian Territory, Occupied" ^ "Beginning of the Landrush phase of second level domain under (.sa)" . http://nic.sa/en/view/news_131 .^ IANA Report - Delegation of the .台灣 and .台湾 (“Taiwan”) domains representing Taiwan, Province of China in Chinese to Taiwan Network Information Center ).^ "New rules for the registration of domain names under UY". ^ دوت مصر ::: الصفحة الرئيسية ^ IDN ccTLD Fast Track String Evaluation Completion , ICANN ^ IDN ccTLD Form of Interest | Bulgaria ^ IDN ccTLD Form of Interest | Israel ^ мкд Test Page | Macedonia ^ Macedonian Domain Registrar Vote on TLD | Macedonia ^ a b IDN ccTLD Form of Interest | Japan ^ IDN ccTLD Form of Interest | Laos ^ DNS Stability Panel denies Greek IDN cctld .ελ http://idntraffic.com/greek-idn-cctld-%CE%B5%CE%BB-denied/ ^ SWORDs are Confusing, It’s all Greek to me http://idntraffic.com/SWORDs_are_Confusing,_Vaggelis_Segredakis,_.gr [1].pdf ^ IANA Report on Delegation of Eleven Evaluative Internationalised Top-Level Domains ^ a b IDNwiki , IDN TLD evaluation gateway^ My Name, My Language, My Internet: IDN Test Goes Live , 15 October 2007 External links Lists by country
Lists of country-related topics Categories Portals Countries and territories International rankings Maps Politics Religion Sovereign states Codes Call sign (ITU) prefixes Country calling codes FIFA country codes FIPS country codes Internet TLDs IOC country codes ISO country codes Ship prefixes Names and symbols Anthems Coats of arms Demonyms Etymologies Flags National emblems National mottos Native names Politics and government Abortion law Administrative divisions Capital punishment Current heads of state and government Date of formation Elections First Spouses Intelligence agencies Legislatures Militaries Office-holders Ruling political parties Systems of governmentby date of transition to republican system of government UN member states Voting systems Demographics andgeographical rankingsArea Birth rate Death rate Divorce rate Populationdensity graphical growth rate past and future urban Places Cemeteries Cities Islands National capitals National parks Schools Universities and colleges World Heritage Sites Other data Association football (soccer) Battles Cardinals Censorship Common surnames Cuisines Currencies Education Emergency contraception availability GDP (nominal) Historical exchange rates to the USD Human rights Internet censorship Legality of cannabis Legality of euthanasia LGBT rights Mains electricity Music genres Newspapers Novelists Official languages People Polygamy Prostitution Railway companies Religious rankings School leaving age Tallest structures Television networks Tram and light-rail transit systems Articles that include one or more maps are shown in italics .
Tags: List of Internet top-level domains, Komputer Sains, 2233, Daftar/Tabel Internet top level domains The following is a list of Internet top level domains (TLDs), The top level domain article provides the background information, The official list of all top level domains is maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), [ ] A number of Proposed top level domains are under consideration by ICANN/IANA, Contents Generic top level domains, List of Internet top-level domains, Bahasa Indonesia, Contoh Instruksi, Tutorial, Referensi, Buku, Petunjuk unucirebon, prestasi.web.id
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